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Nobel Prize Winners from India – The Indian Nobel Laureates
Nobel Prize winners from India are with due respect enlisted below, these are great people from India who showed the world the untapped potential India has, even though it may not have facilities and luxuries at par with the likes of USA,Britain and other big social economies but the talent, hard work and skill here is unfathomed .
AMARTYA SEN (b-1933) : Prof. Amartya Sen is the recipient of the Nobel Prize for Economics for the year 1998, becoming the first Asian to have been honored with the award. The Santiniketan-born economist who is a pioneer in Welfare Economics has to his credit several books and papers on aspects of welfare and development. An economist with a difference, Prof. Sen is a humanist. He has distinguished himself with his outstanding writings on famine, poverty, democracy, gender and social issues. The ‘impossibility theorem’ suggested earlier by Kenneth Arrow states that it was not possible to aggregate individual choices into a satisfactory choice for society as a whole. Prof. Sen showed mathematically that societies could find ways to alleviate such a poor outcome.
SUBRAMANIAN CHANDRASHEKAR (1910-1995) : The Nobel Prize for Physics in 1983 was awarded to Dr S. Chandrashekar, an Indian-born astrophysicist. Educated in Presidency College, Chennai, Dr. Chandrashekar happened to be the nephew of his Nobel forbear, Sir C.V. Raman. He later migrated to the United States where he authored several books on Astrophysics and Stellar Dynamics. He developed a theory on white dwarf stars which posts a limit of mass of dwarf stars known also as Chandrashekar Limit. His theory explains the final stages of stellar evolution.
MOTHER TERESA (1910-1997) : The Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to Mother Teresa in 1979. Albanian parentage, Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu was born at Skopje, now in Yogoslavia. She joined the Irish order of the Sisters of Loretto at Dublin in 1928 and came to Kolkata in 1929 as a missionary, only to find the misery of the abandoned and the destitute. Concern for the poor and the sick prompted her to found a new congregation, Missionaries of Charity. Having become an Indian citizen, Mother Teresa served the cause of dying destitute’s, lepers and drug addicts, through Nirmal Hriday (meaning Pure Heart), the main centre of her activity. Her selfless service and unique devotion, not only to helpless fellow-Indians but also to the cause of world peace, earned her and India the first Nobel Peace Prize.
HARGOBIND KHORANA (b. 1922) : Hargobind Khorana was awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1968. Of Indian origin, Dr Khorana was born in Raipur, Punjab (now in Pakistan). He took his doctoral degree in Chemistry from Liverpool University and joined the University of Wisconsin as a Faculty Member in 1960. His major breakthrough in the field of Medicine—interpreting the genetic code and analyzing its function in protein synthesis—fetched him the Nobel Prize.
CHANDRASHEKAR VENKATARAMAN (1888-1970) : India’s first Nobel Prize for Physics was claimed in 1930 by the renowned physicist Sir C.V. Raman. Born at Thiruvanaikkaval near iruchirapalli in Tamil Nadu, Raman studied at Presidency College, Chennai. Later, he served as Professor of Physics at Calcutta University. Recipient of many honors and awards, including the title of ‘Sir’, Sir C.V. Raman received the Nobel Prize for an important optics research, in which he discovered that diffused light contained rays of other wavelengths—what is now popularly known as Raman Effect. His theory discovered in 1928 explains the change in the frequency of light passing through a transparent medium.
RABINDRANATH TAGORE (1861-1941) : Rabindranath Tagore was the first Indian ever to receive a Nobel Prize. Popularly known as Gurudev, India’s Poet Laureate Tagore was born on 7 May 1861 in Kolkata. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in recognition of his work Geetanjali, a collection of poems, in 1913. Tagore wrote many love lyrics. Geetanjali and Sadhana are among his important works. The poet, dramatist and novelist is also the author of India’s National Anthem. In 1901 he founded the famous Santiniketan which later came to be known as Vishwabharati University.
Other Nobel laureates having links to India
Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936) British writer, Rudyard Kipling wrote novels, poems and short stories — mostly set in India and Burma (now known as Myanmar). He was the 1907 Nobel Prize Laureate in Literature "in consideration of the power of observation, originality of imagination, virility of ideas and remarkable talent for narration, which characterize the creations of this world-famous author."
V.S. Naipaul (1932- ) British writer of Indian origin, Sir Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature 2001 "for having united perceptive narrative and incorruptible scrutiny in works that compel us to see the presence of suppressed histories."
India has its own share of Nobel Prize winners over the decades in several fields. The Nobel Prize is the most respected award the world over and here is a list of those Indians who have won this award and made the country proud.
Rabindranath Tagore -Nobel Prize for Literature (1913)
Tagore was born in Calcutta. He was the first recipient of this award from India. In the year 1913, Rabindranath Tagore was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for his work "Gitanjali".He was one of greatest poets of India and the composer of national anthem of India.
Sir Chandrasekhar Venkata Raman (C.V. Raman)-Nobel Prize for Physics (1930)
C V Raman was born in Thiruvanaikkaval, in the Trichy district of Tamil Nadu. He was the first Asian scientist to win the Nobel Prize.he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930 for his discovery of “RAMAN effect”.Raman effect is useful in the study of molecular energy levels, structure development, and multi component qualitative analysis.
Mother Teresa (1910 – 1997) -Nobel Prize for peace (1979)
She was the recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize in the year 1979. This was in recognition for the path breaking efforts to help the poor and underprivileged people through the establishment of the Missionaries of Charity, Calcutta,India.
Dr. Amartya Sen – Nobel Prize for Economics (1998)
Amartya Sen was born in Bolpur, in West Bengal in 1933. He was honored with the Nobel Prize in 1988 for his work in Welfare economics. Sen is best known for his research on famines, his work on women-- the attention he has drawn to their unequal status in the developing world, and his calls for gender-specific aid programs.
Venkatraman Ramakrishnan –Nobel Prize for Chemistry (2009)
Born in Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu in 1952.He was awarded Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2009. He is a structural biologist who received the Nobel Prize for his studies in the structure and function of the ribosome.
Dr. Har Gobind Khorana –Nobel Prize for Medicine and Physiology (1968)
He was born in 1922 in Raipur in Punjab of eastern Pakistan. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1968 for producing the first man-made gene in his laboratory in the early seventies. His discovery won him the Nobel Prize sharing it with Marshall Nuremberg and Robert Holley for interpreting the genetic code and analyzing its function in protein synthesis.
Dr. Subramanyan Chandrasekhar – Nobel Prize for physics (1983)
He was born on October 19, 1910 in Lahore, India (now part of Pakistan) in a Tamil hindu family. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1983 for Physics. He was recognized for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of stars.He received this award jointly with Wilfred Alfred Fowler for their collaborative research work. Chandrasekhar’s is also known as the nephew of another legendary scientist and Nobel laureate, Sir C.V. Raman.
V.S. Naipaul – Nobel Prize for Literature (2001)
He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2001. Born to Indian parents in 1932 in Trinidad & Tobago.Naipaul was recognized for his extensive works in English Literature. He is well known not only for his indomitable command over the use of the English Language but also for his vivid and descriptive stories.
Other Nobel Prize Laureates related to India
Sir Ronald Ross –Nobel Prize for Physiology (1902)
He was a Scottish physician who was born in Almora in India in 1857. Though he finished his education in England, Ross had also spent a number of years in India while he was making progress in his search for his discovery of the malarial parasite and its prevention. He was awarded by Nobel prize in 1902 for his work on malaria.
Rudyard Kipling –Nobel Prize for Literature (1907)
He was born in 1865 in Bombay. He is regarded as an innovator in the art of short stories. In 1907 Rudyard Kipling won the Nobel Prize in Literature for his original imagination and ideas as a writer of several literary works. He is best known for his book “The Jungle book”
The Nobel Prize is surrounded by several organisations and institutions with different tasks related to the prize.
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The Royal Swedish Academy (Nobel Prize in Physics, Nobel Prize in Chemistry and Prize in Economic Sciences) The Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet (Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine) The Swedish Academy (Nobel Prize in Literature) The Norwegian Nobel Committee elected by the Norwegian Parliament (Nobel Peace Prize)
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To meet the demands of a constantly growing global audience when it comes to information of high quality, regarding the Nobel Laureates and their achievements, via a number of platforms, the Nobel Foundation Rights Association was established in 1999. This non-profit association has an overall function as the umbrella organisation for the following four units:
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Nobel Media manages and develops media rights connected with the Nobel Prize, in the areas of TV and web production, distribution, publishing and events to reach a global audience.
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The Nobel Museum illustrates a century of creativity through the Nobel Prize and the achievements of the Nobel Laureates. The Nobel Museum is located in the Old Town in Stockholm, Sweden.
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This is the complete and unique list of Noble Prize Winners of Indian State with their field of Winning and year of awarding The Great Noble Prize
Rabindranath Tagore won Noble prize in1913 in the field of Literature. He was also the first Asianto get the Noble prize.
C. V. Raman was awarded Nobel Prize in 1930 in the field of Physics.
Har Gobind Khorana was awarded Nobel Prize in 1968 in the field of Medicine. He was US citizen of Indian origin.
Mother Teresa was awarded Nobel Prize in 1979 in the field of Nobel Peace Prize. He was Indian citizen of Albanian origin.
Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar was awarded Nobel Prize in 1983in the field of Physics. He was US citizen of Indian origin.
Amartya Sen was awarded Nobel Prize in 1998 in the field of Economics.
Venkatraman Ramakrishnan was awarded Nobel Prize in 2009 in the field of Chemistry. He was US citizen of Indian origin.
All Noble Prize Winners List YEAR, CATEGORY, LAUREATES 2010, Physics, Andre Geim 2010, Physics, Konstantin Novoselov 2010, Chemistry, Richard F. Heck 2010, Chemistry, Ei-ichi Negishi 2010, Chemistry, Akira Suzuki 2010, Medicine, Robert G. Edwards 2010, Literature, Mario Vargas Llosa 2010, Peace, Liu Xiaobo 2010, Economics, Peter A. Diamond 2010, Economics, Dale T. Mortensen 2010, Economics, Christopher A. Pissarides 2009, Chemistry, Venkatraman Ramakrishnan 2009, Chemistry, Thomas A. Steitz 2009, Chemistry, Ada E. Yonath 2009, Economics, Elinor Ostrom 2009, Economics, Oliver E. Williamson 2009, Literature, Herta Müller 2009, Medicine, Elizabeth H. Blackburn 2009, Medicine, Carol W. Greider 2009, Medicine, Jack W. Szostak 2009, Peace, Barack Obama 2009, Physics, Willard S. Boyle 2009, Physics, Charles K. Kao 2009, Physics, George E. Smith 2008, Chemistry, Martin Chalfie 2008, Chemistry, Osamu Shimomura 2008, Chemistry, Roger Y. Tsien 2008, Economics, Paul Krugman 2008, Literature, Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio 2008, Medicine, Françoise Barré-Sinoussi 2008, Medicine, Luc Montagnier 2008, Medicine, Harald zur Hausen 2008, Peace, Martti Ahtisaari 2008, Physics, Makoto Kobayashi 2008, Physics, Toshihide Maskawa 2008, Physics, Yoichiro Nambu 2007, Chemistry, Gerhard Ertl 2007, Economics, Leonid Hurwicz 2007, Economics, Eric S. Maskin 2007, Economics, Roger B. Myerson 2007, Literature, Doris Lessing 2007, Medicine, Mario R. Capecchi 2007, Medicine, Sir Martin J. Evans 2007, Medicine, Oliver Smithies 2007, Peace, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 2007, Peace, Al Gore 2007, Physics, Albert Fert 2007, Physics, Peter Grünberg 2006, Chemistry, Roger D. Kornberg 2006, Economics, Edmund S. Phelps 2006, Literature, Orhan Pamuk 2006, Medicine, Andrew Z. Fire 2006, Medicine, Craig C. Mello 2006, Peace, Grameen Bank 2006, Peace, Muhammad Yunus 2006, Physics, John C. Mather 2006, Physics, George F. Smoot 2005, Chemistry, Yves Chauvin 2005, Chemistry, Robert H. Grubbs 2005, Chemistry, Richard R. Schrock 2005, Economics, Robert J. Aumann 2005, Economics, Thomas C. Schelling 2005, Literature, Harold Pinter 2005, Medicine, Barry J. Marshall 2005, Medicine, J. Robin Warren 2005, Peace, International Atomic Energy Agency 2005, Peace, Mohamed ElBaradei 2005, Physics, Roy J. Glauber 2005, Physics, John L. Hall 2005, Physics, Theodor W. Hänsch 2004, Chemistry, Aaron Ciechanover 2004, Chemistry, Avram Hershko 2004, Chemistry, Irwin Rose 2004, Economics, Finn E. Kydland 2004, Economics, Edward C. Prescott 2004, Literature, Elfriede Jelinek 2004, Medicine, Richard Axel 2004, Medicine, Linda B. Buck 2004, Peace, Wangari Maathai 2004, Physics, David J. Gross 2004, Physics, H. David Politzer 2004, Physics, Frank Wilczek 2003, Chemistry, Peter Agre 2003, Chemistry, Roderick MacKinnon 2003, Economics, Robert F. Engle III 2003, Economics, Clive W.J. Granger 2003, Literature, J. M. Coetzee 2003, Medicine, Paul C. Lauterbur 2003, Medicine, Sir Peter Mansfield 2003, Peace, Shirin Ebadi 2003, Physics, Alexei A. Abrikosov 2003, Physics, Vitaly L. Ginzburg 2003, Physics, Anthony J. Leggett 2002, Chemistry, John B. Fenn 2002, Chemistry, Koichi Tanaka 2002, Chemistry, Kurt Wüthrich 2002, Economics, Daniel Kahneman 2002, Economics, Vernon L. Smith 2002, Literature, Imre Kertész 2002, Medicine, Sydney Brenner 2002, Medicine, H. Robert Horvitz 2002, Medicine, John E. Sulston 2002, Peace, Jimmy Carter 2002, Physics, Raymond Davis Jr. 2002, Physics, Riccardo Giacconi 2002, Physics, Masatoshi Koshiba 2001, Chemistry, William S. Knowles 2001, Chemistry, Ryoji Noyori 2001, Chemistry, K. Barry Sharpless 2001, Economics, George A. Akerlof 2001, Economics, A. Michael Spence 2001, Economics, Joseph E. Stiglitz 2001, Literature, V. S. Naipaul 2001, Medicine, Leland H. Hartwell 2001, Medicine, Tim Hunt 2001, Medicine, Sir Paul Nurse 2001, Peace, United Nations 2001, Peace, Kofi Annan 2001, Physics, Eric A. Cornell 2001, Physics, Wolfgang Ketterle 2001, Physics, Carl E. Wieman 2000, Chemistry, Alan Heeger 2000, Chemistry, Alan G. MacDiarmid 2000, Chemistry, Hideki Shirakawa 2000, Economics, James J. Heckman 2000, Economics, Daniel L. McFadden 2000, Literature, Gao Xingjian 2000, Medicine, Arvid Carlsson 2000, Medicine, Paul Greengard 2000, Medicine, Eric R. Kandel 2000, Peace, Kim Dae-jung 2000, Physics, Zhores I. Alferov 2000, Physics, Jack S. Kilby 2000, Physics, Herbert Kroemer 1999, Chemistry, Ahmed Zewail 1999, Economics, Robert A. Mundell 1999, Literature, Günter Grass 1999, Medicine, Günter Blobel 1999, Peace, Médecins Sans Frontières 1999, Physics, Gerardus ‘t Hooft 1999, Physics, Martinus J.G. Veltman 1998, Chemistry, Walter Kohn 1998, Chemistry, John Pople 1998, Economics, Amartya Sen 1998, Literature, José Saramago 1998, Medicine, Robert F. Furchgott 1998, Medicine, Louis J. Ignarro 1998, Medicine, Ferid Murad 1998, Peace, John Hume 1998, Peace, David Trimble 1998, Physics, Robert B. Laughlin 1998, Physics, Horst L. Störmer 1998, Physics, Daniel C. Tsui 1997, Chemistry, Paul D. Boyer 1997, Chemistry, Jens C. Skou 1997, Chemistry, John E. Walker 1997, Economics, Robert C. Merton 1997, Economics, Myron S. Scholes 1997, Literature, Dario Fo 1997, Medicine, Stanley B. Prusiner 1997, Peace, International Campaign to Ban Landmines 1997, Peace, Jody Williams 1997, Physics, Steven Chu 1997, Physics, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji 1997, Physics, William D. Phillips 1996, Chemistry, Robert F. Curl Jr. 1996, Chemistry, Sir Harold Kroto 1996, Chemistry, Richard E. Smalley 1996, Economics, James A. Mirrlees 1996, Economics, William Vickrey 1996, Literature, Wislawa Szymborska 1996, Medicine, Peter C. Doherty 1996, Medicine, Rolf M. Zinkernagel 1996, Peace, Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo 1996, Peace, José Ramos-Horta 1996, Physics, David M. Lee 1996, Physics, Douglas D. Osheroff 1996, Physics, Robert C. Richardson 1995, Chemistry, Paul J. Crutzen 1995, Chemistry, Mario J. Molina 1995, Chemistry, F. Sherwood Rowland 1995, Economics, Robert E. Lucas Jr. 1995, Literature, Seamus Heaney 1995, Medicine, Edward B. Lewis 1995, Medicine, Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard 1995, Medicine, Eric F. Wieschaus 1995, Peace, Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs 1995, Peace, Joseph Rotblat 1995, Physics, Martin L. Perl 1995, Physics, Frederick Reines 1994, Chemistry, George A. Olah 1994, Economics, John C. Harsanyi 1994, Economics, John F. Nash Jr. 1994, Economics, Reinhard Selten 1994, Literature, Kenzaburo Oe 1994, Medicine, Alfred G. Gilman 1994, Medicine, Martin Rodbell 1994, Peace, Yasser Arafat 1994, Peace, Shimon Peres 1994, Peace, Yitzhak Rabin 1994, Physics, Bertram N. Brockhouse 1994, Physics, Clifford G. Shull 1993, Chemistry, Kary B. Mullis 1993, Chemistry, Michael Smith 1993, Economics, Robert W. Fogel 1993, Economics, Douglass C. North 1993, Literature, Toni Morrison 1993, Medicine, Richard J. Roberts 1993, Medicine, Phillip A. Sharp 1993, Peace, F.W. de Klerk 1993, Peace, Nelson Mandela 1993, Physics, Russell A. Hulse 1993, Physics, Joseph H. Taylor Jr. 1992, Chemistry, Rudolph A. Marcus 1992, Economics, Gary S. Becker 1992, Literature, Derek Walcott 1992, Medicine, Edmond H. Fischer 1992, Medicine, Edwin G. Krebs 1992, Peace, Rigoberta Menchú Tum 1992, Physics, Georges Charpak 1991, Chemistry, Richard R. Ernst 1991, Economics, Ronald H. Coase 1991, Literature, Nadine Gordimer 1991, Medicine, Erwin Neher 1991, Medicine, Bert Sakmann 1991, Peace, Aung San Suu Kyi 1991, Physics, Pierre-Gilles de Gennes 1990, Chemistry, Elias James Corey 1990, Economics, Harry M. Markowitz 1990, Economics, Merton H. Miller 1990, Economics, William F. Sharpe 1990, Literature, Octavio Paz 1990, Medicine, Joseph E. Murray 1990, Medicine, E. Donnall Thomas 1990, Peace, Mikhail Gorbachev 1990, Physics, Jerome I. Friedman 1990, Physics, Henry W. Kendall 1990, Physics, Richard E. Taylor 1989, Chemistry, Sidney Altman 1989, Chemistry, Thomas R. Cech 1989, Economics, Trygve Haavelmo 1989, Literature, Camilo José Cela 1989, Medicine, J. Michael Bishop 1989, Medicine, Harold E. Varmus 1989, Peace, The 14th Dalai Lama 1989, Physics, Hans G. Dehmelt 1989, Physics, Wolfgang Paul 1989, Physics, Norman F. Ramsey 1988, Chemistry, Johann Deisenhofer 1988, Chemistry, Robert Huber 1988, Chemistry, Hartmut Michel 1988, Economics, Maurice Allais 1988, Literature, Naguib Mahfouz 1988, Medicine, Sir James W. Black 1988, Medicine, Gertrude B. Elion 1988, Medicine, George H. Hitchings 1988, Peace, United Nations Peacekeeping Forces 1988, Physics, Leon M. Lederman 1988, Physics, Melvin Schwartz 1988, Physics, Jack Steinberger 1987, Chemistry, Donald J. Cram 1987, Chemistry, Jean-Marie Lehn 1987, Chemistry, Charles J. Pedersen 1987, Economics, Robert M. Solow 1987, Literature, Joseph Brodsky 1987, Medicine, Susumu Tonegawa 1987, Peace, Oscar Arias Sánchez 1987, Physics, J. Georg Bednorz 1987, Physics, K. Alex Müller 1986, Chemistry, Dudley R. Herschbach 1986, Chemistry, Yuan T. Lee 1986, Chemistry, John C. Polanyi 1986, Economics, James M. Buchanan Jr. 1986, Literature, Wole Soyinka 1986, Medicine, Stanley Cohen 1986, Medicine, Rita Levi-Montalcini 1986, Peace, Elie Wiesel 1986, Physics, Gerd Binnig 1986, Physics, Heinrich Rohrer 1986, Physics, Ernst Ruska 1985, Chemistry, Herbert A. Hauptman 1985, Chemistry, Jerome Karle 1985, Economics, Franco Modigliani 1985, Literature, Claude Simon 1985, Medicine, Michael S. Brown 1985, Medicine, Joseph L. Goldstein 1985, Peace, International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War 1985, Physics, Klaus von Klitzing 1984, Chemistry, Bruce Merrifield 1984, Economics, Richard Stone 1984, Literature, Jaroslav Seifert 1984, Medicine, Niels K. Jerne 1984, Medicine, Georges J.F. Köhler 1984, Medicine, César Milstein 1984, Peace, Desmond Tutu 1984, Physics, Carlo Rubbia 1984, Physics, Simon van der Meer 1983, Chemistry, Henry Taube 1983, Economics, Gerard Debreu 1983, Literature, William Golding 1983, Medicine, Barbara McClintock 1983, Peace, Lech Walesa 1983, Physics, Subramanyan Chandrasekhar 1983, Physics, William A. Fowler 1982, Chemistry, Aaron Klug 1982, Economics, George J. Stigler 1982, Literature, Gabriel García Márquez 1982, Medicine, Sune K. Bergström 1982, Medicine, Bengt I. Samuelsson 1982, Medicine, John R. Vane 1982, Peace, Alfonso García Robles 1982, Peace, Alva Myrdal 1982, Physics, Kenneth G. Wilson 1981, Chemistry, Kenichi Fukui 1981, Chemistry, Roald Hoffmann 1981, Economics, James Tobin 1981, Literature, Elias Canetti 1981, Medicine, David H. Hubel 1981, Medicine, Roger W. Sperry 1981, Medicine, Torsten N. Wiesel 1981, Peace, Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 1981, Physics, Nicolaas Bloembergen 1981, Physics, Arthur L. Schawlow 1981, Physics, Kai M. Siegbahn 1980, Chemistry, Paul Berg 1980, Chemistry, Walter Gilbert 1980, Chemistry, Frederick Sanger 1980, Economics, Lawrence R. Klein 1980, Literature, Czeslaw Milosz 1980, Medicine, Baruj Benacerraf 1980, Medicine, Jean Dausset 1980, Medicine, George D. Snell 1980, Peace, Adolfo Pérez Esquivel 1980, Physics, James Cronin 1980, Physics, Val Fitch 1979, Chemistry, Herbert C. Brown 1979, Chemistry, Georg Wittig 1979, Economics, Sir Arthur Lewis 1979, Economics, Theodore W. Schultz 1979, Literature, Odysseus Elytis 1979, Medicine, Allan M. Cormack 1979, Medicine, Godfrey N. Hounsfield 1979, Peace, Mother Teresa 1979, Physics, Sheldon Glashow 1979, Physics, Abdus Salam 1979, Physics, Steven Weinberg 1978, Chemistry, Peter Mitchell 1978, Economics, Herbert A. Simon 1978, Literature, Isaac Bashevis Singer 1978, Medicine, Werner Arber 1978, Medicine, Daniel Nathans 1978, Medicine, Hamilton O. Smith 1978, Peace, Anwar al-Sadat 1978, Peace, Menachem Begin 1978, Physics, Pyotr Kapitsa 1978, Physics, Arno Penzias 1978, Physics, Robert Woodrow Wilson 1977, Chemistry, Ilya Prigogine 1977, Economics, James E. Meade 1977, Economics, Bertil Ohlin 1977, Literature, Vicente Aleixandre 1977, Medicine, Roger Guillemin 1977, Medicine, Andrew V. Schally 1977, Medicine, Rosalyn Yalow 1977, Peace, Amnesty International 1977, Physics, Philip W. Anderson 1977, Physics, Sir Nevill F. Mott 1977, Physics, John H. van Vleck 1976, Chemistry, William Lipscomb 1976, Economics, Milton Friedman 1976, Literature, Saul Bellow 1976, Medicine, Baruch S. Blumberg 1976, Medicine, D. Carleton Gajdusek 1976, Peace, Mairead Corrigan 1976, Peace, Betty Williams 1976, Physics, Burton Richter 1976, Physics, Samuel C.C. Ting 1975, Chemistry, John Cornforth 1975, Chemistry, Vladimir Prelog 1975, Economics, Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich 1975, Economics, Tjalling C. Koopmans 1975, Literature, Eugenio Montale 1975, Medicine, David Baltimore 1975, Medicine, Renato Dulbecco 1975, Medicine, Howard M. Temin 1975, Peace, Andrei Sakharov 1975, Physics, Aage N. Bohr 1975, Physics, Ben R. Mottelson 1975, Physics, James Rainwater 1974, Chemistry, Paul J. Flory 1974, Economics, Gunnar Myrdal 1974, Economics, Friedrich August von Hayek 1974, Literature, Eyvind Johnson 1974, Literature, Harry Martinson 1974, Medicine, Albert Claude 1974, Medicine, Christian de Duve 1974, Medicine, George E. Palade 1974, Peace, Seán MacBride 1974, Peace, Eisaku Sato 1974, Physics, Antony Hewish 1974, Physics, Martin Ryle 1973, Chemistry, Ernst Otto Fischer 1973, Chemistry, Geoffrey Wilkinson 1973, Economics, Wassily Leontief 1973, Literature, Patrick White 1973, Medicine, Konrad Lorenz 1973, Medicine, Nikolaas Tinbergen 1973, Medicine, Karl von Frisch 1973, Peace, Le Duc Tho 1973, Peace, Henry Kissinger 1973, Physics, Leo Esaki 1973, Physics, Ivar Giaever 1973, Physics, Brian D. Josephson 1972, Chemistry, Christian Anfinsen 1972, Chemistry, Stanford Moore 1972, Chemistry, William H. Stein 1972, Economics, Kenneth J. Arrow 1972, Economics, John R. Hicks 1972, Literature, Heinrich Böll 1972, Medicine, Gerald M. Edelman 1972, Medicine, Rodney R. Porter 1972, Peace, No Prize was Awarded 1972, Physics, John Bardeen 1972, Physics, Leon N. Cooper 1972, Physics, Robert Schrieffer 1971, Chemistry, Gerhard Herzberg 1971, Economics, Simon Kuznets 1971, Literature, Pablo Neruda 1971, Medicine, Earl W. Sutherland Jr. 1971, Peace, Willy Brandt 1971, Physics, Dennis Gabor 1970, Chemistry, Luis Leloir 1970, Economics, Paul A. Samuelson 1970, Literature, Alexandr Solzhenitsyn 1970, Medicine, Julius Axelrod 1970, Medicine, Sir Bernard Katz 1970, Medicine, Ulf von Euler 1970, Peace, Norman Borlaug 1970, Physics, Hannes Alfvén 1970, Physics, Louis Néel 1969, Chemistry, Derek Barton 1969, Chemistry, Odd Hassel 1969, Economics, Ragnar Frisch 1969, Economics, Jan Tinbergen 1969, Literature, Samuel Beckett 1969, Medicine, Max Delbrück 1969, Medicine, Alfred D. Hershey 1969, Medicine, Salvador E. Luria 1969, Peace, International Labour Organization 1969, Physics, Murray Gell-Mann 1968, Chemistry, Lars Onsager 1968, Literature, Yasunari Kawabata 1968, Medicine, Robert W. Holley 1968, Medicine, H. Gobind Khorana 1968, Medicine, Marshall W. Nirenberg 1968, Peace, René Cassin 1968, Physics, Luis Alvarez 1967, Chemistry, Manfred Eigen 1967, Chemistry, Ronald G.W. Norrish 1967, Chemistry, George Porter 1967, Literature, Miguel Angel Asturias 1967, Medicine, Ragnar Granit 1967, Medicine, Haldan K. Hartline 1967, Medicine, George Wald 1967, Peace, No Prize was Awarded 1967, Physics, Hans Bethe 1966, Chemistry, Robert S. Mulliken 1966, Literature, Shmuel Agnon 1966, Literature, Nelly Sachs 1966, Medicine, Charles B. Huggins 1966, Medicine, Peyton Rous 1966, Peace, No Prize was Awarded 1966, Physics, Alfred Kastler 1965, Chemistry, Robert B. Woodward 1965, Literature, Mikhail Sholokhov 1965, Medicine, François Jacob 1965, Medicine, André Lwoff 1965, Medicine, Jacques Monod 1965, Peace, United Nations Children’s Fund 1965, Physics, Richard P. Feynman 1965, Physics, Julian Schwinger 1965, Physics, Sin-Itiro Tomonaga 1964, Chemistry, Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin 1964, Literature, Jean-Paul Sartre 1964, Medicine, Konrad Bloch 1964, Medicine, Feodor Lynen 1964, Peace, Martin Luther King Jr. 1964, Physics, Nicolay G. Basov 1964, Physics, Aleksandr M. Prokhorov 1964, Physics, Charles H. Townes 1963, Chemistry, Giulio Natta 1963, Chemistry, Karl Ziegler 1963, Literature, Giorgos Seferis 1963, Medicine, Sir John Eccles 1963, Medicine, Alan L. Hodgkin 1963, Medicine, Andrew F. Huxley 1963, Peace, International Committee of the Red Cross 1963, Peace, League of Red Cross Societies 1963, Physics, Maria Goeppert-Mayer 1963, Physics, J. Hans D. Jensen 1963, Physics, Eugene Wigner 1962, Chemistry, John C. Kendrew 1962, Chemistry, Max F. Perutz 1962, Literature, John Steinbeck 1962, Medicine, Francis Crick 1962, Medicine, James Watson 1962, Medicine, Maurice Wilkins 1962, Peace, Linus Pauling 1962, Physics, Lev Landau 1961, Chemistry, Melvin Calvin 1961, Literature, Ivo Andric 1961, Medicine, Georg von Békésy 1961, Peace, Dag Hammarskjöld 1961, Physics, Robert Hofstadter 1961, Physics, Rudolf Mössbauer 1960, Chemistry, Willard F. Libby 1960, Literature, Saint-John Perse 1960, Medicine, Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet 1960, Medicine, Peter Medawar 1960, Peace, Albert Lutuli 1960, Physics, Donald A. 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